Comparing the Old and New Covenants

  by Gary Amirault

Comparing the Mosaic and Jesus’ Covenants
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Throughout the Church Age, there have been many Christian religious institutions, denominations and sects that have advocated the keeping of certain Old Testament laws or even all of them. The two most popular O.T. laws today are tithing and Sabbath keeping. The dietary laws are fairly popular among certain sects. The Ten Commandments are still quite popular among most denominations of Christianity.

The following Scriptural presentation compares the two covenants. The reader will find no commentary throughout this Scriptural study except a few comments after the chart. We believe the Scriptures with the aid of the Holy Spirit speak for themselves in this matter. I pray that the reader is given the light to “rightly divided the word of truth.”

Following the chart of Scriptures references comparing the Old Covenant with the New are the Scriptures themselves fully written out in both the King James Bible and the New International Version.
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Some Brief Comments

One of the leading causes for confusion concerning “the law” is the way Bible translators have handled certain Hebrew and Greek words. The Version that has held sway over the English-speaking church for 400 years is the King James Bible. This translation was commissioned by King James is 1603, a time in which knowledge of the Greek and Hebrew languages was poor. Fifty-four translators were divided into six teams each responsible for translating certain books. They relied heavily on the Latin text, previous English translations and to some degree the actual Hebrew and Greek texts. Dividing into six different committees created a problem the translators didn’t see as they were translating. Each committee used their own choice of English words for the Hebrew and Greek. As a result, one Hebrew word was translated by many different English words.

For example, the Hebrew word “mishpat” was translated by the KJV 31 different ways. Here are the various English words used by the KJV translators for the Hebrew word “mishpat:” cause, ceremony, charge, crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, due order, fashion, form, judgment, justice, law, manner, manner of law, measure, order, ordinance, right, sentence, be judged, just, lawful, justly, use to do, worthy, wrong, wrongfully.

It gets worse. There are 15 different Greek words translated command or commandment in the King James New Testament: diatasso, eipon, entellomia, epistasso, keleuo, paraggello, prostasso, rheo, diatello, diatagma, entalma, entole, epitage, paragelia, and diatellomai. There are 16 different Hebrew words translated command or commandment: peh, amar, dabar, tsavah, teem, taam, imrah, dath, cipq, mamar, millah, miphqad, tsav, yatsa, piqqudim, mitzvah.

Many of the new translations of the twentieth century have been nothing but revisions of the King James Bible. The Revised Version, American Version, Revised Standard Version, American Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version, New American Standard Version, Twenty-first Century King James, Modern King James and many more are all simply revisions of an old and quite corrupt translation almost four hundred years old. Furthermore, many new English translations still try to stay close to the King James Version because it has become an icon. Therefore, many of the modern translations incorporated the poor translating of the KJV into their own translations. The “traditions of men which make the word of God of no effect” are hard to break, even among Bible translators.

It is often taught in seminary, church and Sunday school that the only difference between the Old Covenant and the New is that the Old Testament was written in stone while under the New Testament the very same law was written upon our hearts. This is simply false. The writer of Hebrews makes it quite clear that the New Covenant required a brand new law. Jesus makes all things new, including the law of the covenant.

The Old Covenant had an inaugurator (Moses), sacrifice and blood of animals, a Priesthood (Levitical), a city (Jerusalem), and a set of laws (Mosaic Law). The New Covenant had all the same components but each was radically different. The New Covenant was inaugurated Jesus, not Moses. He sanctified everything with His own blood, not the blood of animals. The Levitical priesthood was done away with at the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD and was replaced with an everlasting priesthood, the Melchizedek Priesthood of which every born from above believer is a part.

The priests under the Old Covenant had to make their offerings in the God-ordained city of Jerusalem. Under the New Covenant, we have access to a new city, a city Abraham longed to see, that is, New Jerusalem, the mother of us all. Through the blood of Christ we have access to the heavenly realm of which the Old Covenant was but a shadow of. Christians are to minister from their rightful place, seated in heavenly places with Christ, not from some city made with the hands of men. Christians are ambassadors from the true city of peace, New Jerusalem, not the old city Jerusalem which always grieved the Holy Spirit and killed the prophets and apostles of God.

It stands to reason since everything else was changed and brand new, that the law would change too. This shouldn’t come as a surprise. The Mosaic Laws themselves changed many times over the course of Israel’s history. In the wilderness, when bitten by a snake one only had to look at a bronze snake on a pole and live. However, in the land of Israel, that same snake became an idol that brought forth death. As Israel grew and expanded beyond its borders into other countries, many laws were changed to accommodate them.

Therefore, it should not be unreasonable to suspect there would be a new law which would accommodate moving from the types and shadows of the heavenly realm to the heavenly realm itself. The law of the New Covenant does not require one to stone their rebellious children. It does not require one to sleep with his brother’s wife if the brother died and the wife did not bear an heir yet. The New Covenant does not require many of the things which the Mosaic Law required. The name of this law is “the Law of the Spirit of the Life in Christ Jesus.”

“Therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death.” (Rom. 8:1-2, KJV)

You have probably never heard a sermon or read a book on the Law of the Spirit of the Life in Christ Jesus. That is because the church for the last 2,000 years has mixed up the two covenants causing us to be blind to the truth for to come under the law of Moses brings spiritual death – it brings blindess:

“And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished: But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ. But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart. Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away. Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.” (2 Cor. 3:13-17, KJV)

Millions of Christians are blinded to Spiritual truths because they live in the shadow of the Mosaic Law which brings spiritual death. It is the Law of the Spirit of the LIFE in Christ Jesus that brings spiritual life and opens our spiritual eyes and ears. That is all I want to say in this article. If the reader has been quickened by this article and would like more teaching on the subject, read “The Pillar Laws of the New Covenant” at tentmaker.org on the Internet. It is also available in booklet form from Tentmaker Ministries and Publications. Another outstanding book that helps Christians rightly divide between these two different covenants which is available at our online Christian bookstore is “Free To Live” by David Ebaugh.

Below are the above Scriptures paired and compared in the King James Bible and the New International Version
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Old Covenant
Old Covenant - 2 Corinthians 3:14
KJV: But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same veil untaken away in the reading of the Old Testament; which [veil] is done away in Christ.
NIV: But their minds were made dull, for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read. It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away.
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New Covenant
New Covenant - 2 Corinthians 3:6
KJV: Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
NIV: He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant - not of the letter but of the Spirit, for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
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Old Covenant
First Covenant - Hebrews 8:7, 9:1
KJV: For if that first [covenant] had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second. (8:7) Then verily the first [covenant] had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary. (9:1)
NIV: For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for another. (8:7) Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary. (9:1)
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New Covenant
Second Covenant - Hebrews 8:7, 9:15
KJV: For if that first [covenant] had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second. (8:7) For the law having a shadow of good things to come, [and] not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect. For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins. But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year. For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: In burnt offerings and [sacrifices] for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and [offering] for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure [therein]; which are offered by the law; Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. (10:1-9)
NIV: For if there had been nothing wrong with the first covenant, no place would have been sought for another. (8:7) The law is only a shadow of the good things that are coming - not the realities themselves. For this reason it can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship. If it could, would they not have stopped being offered? For the worshipers would have been cleansed once for all, and would no longer have felt guilty for their sins. But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins, because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. Therefore, when Christ came into the world, he said: "Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me; with burnt offerings and sin offerings you were not pleased. Then I said, 'Here I am - it is written about me in the scroll - I have come to do your will, O God.'" First he said, "Sacrifices and offerings, burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire, nor were you pleased with them" (although the law required them to be made). Then he said, "Here I am, I have come to do your will." He sets aside the first to establish the second. (10:1-9)
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Old Covenant
Came by Moses - John 1:17
KJV: For the law was given by Moses, [but] grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.
NIV: For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
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New Covenant
Came by Christ - Hebrews 8:6, 9:15
KJV: But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. (8:6) And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions [that were] under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. (9:15)
NIV: But the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, and it is founded on better promises. (8:6) For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance - now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant. (9:15)
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Old Covenant
Law of Moses - Acts 13:38-39
KJV: Be it known unto you therefore, men [and] brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins: And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.
NIV: "Therefore, my brothers, I want you to know that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. Through him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses.
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New Covenant
Law of Christ - Galatians 6:2
KJV: Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.
NIV: Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.
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Old Covenant
Law of sin - Romans 7:5-6
KJV: For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death. But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not [in] the oldness of the letter.
NIV: For when we were controlled by the sinful nature, the sinful passions aroused by the law were at work in our bodies, so that we bore fruit for death. But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code.
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New Covenant
Law of righteousness - Romans 9:30-31
KJV: What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith. But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.
NIV: What then shall we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith; but Israel, who pursued a law of righteousness, has not attained it.
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Old Covenant
Law of the flesh - Romans 7:5-6
KJV: For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death. But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not [in] the oldness of the letter.
NIV: For when we were controlled by the sinful nature, the sinful passions aroused by the law were at work in our bodies, so that we bore fruit for death. But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code.
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New Covenant
Law of the Spirit - Romans 8:2
KJV: For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death.
NIV: because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit of life set me free from the law of sin and death.
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Old Covenant
Not of Faith - Galatians 3:2
KJV: This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
NIV: I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by observing the law, or by believing what you heard?
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New Covenant
Law of Faith - Romans 3:27
KJV: Where [is] boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith.
NIV: Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. On what principle? On that of observing the law? No, but on that of faith.
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Old Covenant
Yoke of bondage - Galatians 5:1
KJV: Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage.
NIV: It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
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New Covenant
Law of Liberty - James 1:25
KJV: But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth [therein], he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.
NIV: But the man who looks intently into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues to do this, not forgetting what he has heard, but doing it - he will be blessed in what he does.
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Old Covenant
Ended by Christ - Romans 10:4
KJV: For Christ [is] the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.
NIV: Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes.
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New Covenant
Established by Christ - Hebrews 8:6, 10:9
KJV: But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. (8:6) Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. (10:9)
NIV: But the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is a mediator is superior to the old one, and it is founded on better promises. (8:6) Then he said, "Here I am, I have come to do your will." He sets aside the first to establish the second. (10:9)

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Old Covenant
Law of death - 2 Corinthians 3:7
KJV: But if the ministration of death, written [and] engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which [glory] was to be done away.
NIV: Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, fading though it was, will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious?
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New Covenant
Law of life - Galatians 3:11, 6:8
KJV: But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, [it is] evident: for, the just shall live by faith. (3:11) For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting. (6:8)
NIV: Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." (3:11) The one who sows to please his sinful nature, from that nature will reap destruction; the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. (6:8)
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Old Covenant
Entangles - Galatians 5:1
KJV: Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage.
NIV: It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
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New Covenant
Makes free - John 8:32, 36
KJV: And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.
NIV: Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free. So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.
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Old Covenant
A shadow - Colossians 2:14-17
KJV: Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; [And] having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it. Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath [days]; Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body [is] of Christ.
NIV: having canceled the written code, with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; he took it away, nailing it to the cross. And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross. Therefore do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ.
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New Covenant
The reality - Hebrews 10:1-18
KJV: For the law having a shadow of good things to come, [and] not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect. For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins. But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year. For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. In burnt offerings and [sacrifices] for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and [offering] for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure [therein]; which are offered by the law; Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all]. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. [Whereof] the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he has said before, This [is] the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them: And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these [is, there is] no more offering for sin.
NIV: The law is only a shadow of the good things that are coming - not the realities themselves. For this reason it can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship. If it could, would they not have stopped being offered? For the worshipers would have been cleansed once for all, and would no longer have felt guilty for their sins. But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins, because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. Therefore, when Christ came into the world, he said: Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me; with burnt offerings and sin offerings you were not pleased. Then I said, 'Here I am - it is written about me in the scroll - I have come to do you will, O God.'" First he said, "Sacrifices and offerings, burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire, nor were you pleased with them" (although the law required them to be made). Then he said, "Here I am, I have come to do your will." He sets aside the first to establish the second. And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. Since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool; because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First he says: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds." Then he adds: Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more." And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin.
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Old Covenant
Fulfilled - Matthew 5:17-18
KJV: Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot nor one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law till all be fulfilled.
NIV: "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.
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New Covenant
Now in force - Hebrews 8:6, 10:9
KJV: But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. (8:6) Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. (10:9)
NIV: But the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, and it is founded on better promises. (8:6) Then he said, Here I am, I have come to do your will." He sets aside the first to establish the second. (10:9)
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Old Covenant
Leaves imperfect - Hebrews 7:19
KJV: For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God.
NIV: (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.
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New Covenant
Makes perfect - Hebrews 7:19
KJV: For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God.
NIV: (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.
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Old Covenant
Glorious - 2 Corinthians 3:7
KJV: But if the ministration of death, written [and] engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which [glory] was to be done away.
NIV: Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, fading though it was.
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New Covenant
More glorious - 2 Corinthians 3:8-10
KJV: How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?
NIV: Will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious?
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Old Covenant
Powerless to save - Hebrews 9:9, 10:4
KJV: Which [was] a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service prefect, as pertaining to the conscience. (9:9) For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. (10:4)
NIV: This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper. (9:9) because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. (10:4)
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New Covenant
Saves to uttermost - Hebrews 7:25
KJV: Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.
NIV: Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.
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Old Covenant
Many sacrifices - Hebrews 9:12-13
KJV: Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us]. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:
NIV: He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean.
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New Covenant
One sacrifice for sin - Hebrews 10:12
KJV: For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins.
NIV: But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God.
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Old Covenant
Temporary priest - Hebrews 7:23
KJV: And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death.
NIV: Now there were many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office.
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New Covenant
Eternal priest - Hebrews 7:17
KJV: For he testifieth, Thou [art] a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.
NIV: For it is declared: "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek."
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Old Covenant
Remembers sins - Hebrews 10:3
KJV: But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year.
NIV: But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins.
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New Covenant
Forgets sins - Hebrews 8:12, 10:17
KJV: For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more. (8:12) And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. (10:17)
NIV: For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more." (8:12) Then he adds: "Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more". (10:17)
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Old Covenant
Yearly atonement - Hebrews 10:3
KJV: But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year.
NIV: But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins.
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New Covenant
Eternal atonement - Hebrews 10:14
KJV: For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
NIV: because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy.
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Old Covenant
Priests have sin - Hebrews 5:1-4
KJV: For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things [pertaining] to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity. And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins. And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as [was] Aaron.
NIV: Every high priest is selected from among men and is appointed to represent them in matters related to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and are going astray, since he himself is subject to weakness. This is why he has to offer sacrifices or his own sins, as well as for the sins of the people.
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New Covenant
Sinless priest - Hebrews 7:26
KJV: For such an high priest became us, [who is] holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens.
NIV: Such a high priest meets our need - one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens.
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Old Covenant
Aaronic priesthood - Hebrews 7:11
KJV: If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law), what further need [was there] that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?
NIV: If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood (for on the basis of it the law was given to the people), why was there still need for another priest to come - one in the order of Melchizedek, not in the order of Aaron?
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New Covenant
Melchisedec priesthood - Hebrews 5:5-10, 7:21
KJV: So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee. As he saith also in another [place], Thou [art] a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec. Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared; Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered; And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him; Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec. (5:5-10) (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou [art] a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:) (7:21)
NIV: So Christ also did not take upon himself the glory of becoming a high priest. But God said to him, "You are my Son; today I have become your Father." And he says in another place, "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek." During the days of Jesus' life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission. Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him and was designated by God to be high priest in the order of Melchizedek. (5:5-10) but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him: "The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: 'You are a priest forever.'" (7:21)
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Old Covenant
Out of Levi - Hebrews 7:11
KJV: If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law), what further need [was there] that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?
NIV: If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood (for on the basis of it the law was given to the people), why was there still need for another priest to come - one in the order of Melchizedek, not in the order of Aaron?
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New Covenant
Out of Judah - Hebrews 7:14
KJV: For [it is] evident that our Lord sprang out of Judah; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.
NIV: For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah, and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests.
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Old Covenant
Animal sacrifices - Hebrews 9:12
KJV: Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us].
NIV: He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption.
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New Covenant
God provides Himself - Hebrews 9:14-28
KJV: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions [that were] under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. For where a testament [is], there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. For a testament [is] of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth. Whereupon neither the first [testament] was dedicated without blood. For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people, Saying, This [is] the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. MOreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. [It was] therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us: Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others; For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment: So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.
NIV: How much more, then, will the blood of Christ who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant. In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood. When Moses had proclaimed every commandment of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves, together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people. He said, "This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep." IN the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies. In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself now to appear for us in God's presence. Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not hi own. Then Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself. Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him.
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Old Covenant
Earthly tabernacle - Hebrews 9:2
KJV: For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein [was] the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.
NIV: A tabernacle was set up. In its first room were the lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called the Holy Place.
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New Covenant
Heavenly tabernacle - Hebrews 8:2
KJV: A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.
NIV: and who serves in the sanctuary, the true tabernacle set up by the Lord, not by man.
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Old Covenant
Imperfect mediator - Galatians 3:19
KJV: Wherefore then [serveth] the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; [and it was] ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.
NIV: What, then, was the purpose of the law? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator.
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New Covenant
Sinless mediator - 1 Timothy 2:5
KJV: For [there is] one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;
NIV: For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,
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Old Covenant
No inheritance - Romans 4:13
KJV: For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, [was] not to the world, [was] not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.
NIV: It was not through law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise that he would be heir of the world, but through the righteousness of that comes by faith.
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New Covenant
Eternal inheritance - Hebrews 9:15
KJV: And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions [that were] under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
NIV: For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance - now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.
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Old Covenant
Instituted upon animal blood - Hebrews 9:16-22
KJV: For where a testament [is], there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. For a testament [is] of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth. Whereupon neither the first [testament] was dedicated without blood. For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people. Saying, This [is] the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.
NIV: In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood. When Moses had proclaimed every commandment of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves, together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people. He said, "This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep. In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies. In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.
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New Covenant
Instituted upon blood of Christ - Matthew 26:28
KJV: For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
NIV: This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.
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Old Covenant
Law of works - Romans 3:27
KJV: Where [is] boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith.
NIV: Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. On what principle? On that of observing the law? No, but on that of faith.
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New Covenant
Law of grace and faith - John 1:17
KJV: For the law was given by Moses, [but] grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.
NIV: For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
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Old Covenant
Works wrath - Romans 4:15
KJV: Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, [there is] no transgression.
NIV: because law brings wrath. And where there is no law there is no transgression.
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New Covenant
Saves from wrath Romans 5:9
KJV: Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him.
NIV: Since we have now been justified by his blood, how much more shall we be saved from God's wrath through him!
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Old Covenant
Non-redeeming - Hebrews 10:4
KJV: For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
NIV: because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.
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New Covenant
Redeems - Galatians 3:13, Hebrews 9:12-15
KJV: Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed [is] every one that hangeth on a tree. (3:13) Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us]. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions [that were] under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. (9:12-15)
NIV: Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree." (3:13) He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! (9:12-15)
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Old Covenant
Non-pleasing - Psalm 40:6
KJV: Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.
NIV: Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but my ears you have pierced; burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not require.
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New Covenant
Pleasing to God - Hebrews 10:5-18
KJV: Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: In burnt offerings and [sacrifices] for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and [offering] for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure [therein]; which are offered by the law, Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all]. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. [Whereof] the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said, before, This [is] the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these [is, there is] no more offering for sin.
NIV: Therefore, when Christ came into the world, he said: "Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me; with burnt offerings and sin offerings you were not pleased. Then I said, 'Here I am - it is written about me in the scroll - I have come to do your will, O God.'" First he said, "Sacrifices and offerings, burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire, nor were you pleased with them (although the law required them to be made). Then he said, "Here I am, I have come to do your will." He sets aside the first to establish the second. And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. Since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool, because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First he says: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds." Then he adds: "Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more." And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin.
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Old Covenant
Abolishment predicted - Isaiah 51:6
KJV: Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished.
NIV: Lift up your eyes to the heavens, look at the earth beneath; the heavens will vanish like smoke, the earth will wear out like a garment and its inhabitants die like flies. But my salvation will last forever, my righteousness will never fail.
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New Covenant
Establishment predicted - Hebrews 8:7
KJV: For if that first [covenant] had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second.
NIV: For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for another.
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Old Covenant
Circumcision - Exodus 12:48
KJV: And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
NIV: An alien living among you who wants to celebrate the LORD'S Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land. No uncircumcised male may eat of it.
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New Covenant
No circumcision - Romans 4:9-12
KJV: [Cometh] this blessedness then upon the circumcision [only], or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. How was it then reckoned? How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which [he had yet] being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also. And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which [he had] being [yet] uncircumcised.
NIV: Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised? We have been saying that Abraham's faith was credited to him as righteousness. Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. So then, he is the father of all who believe but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. And he is also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.
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Old Covenant
Made to change - Hebrews 7:12, Galatians 3:25
KJV: For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law. (7:12) But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster. (3:25)
NIV: For when there is a change of the priesthood, there must also be a change of the law (7:12). Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law. (3:25)
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New Covenant
Made eternal - Hebrews 13:20
KJV: Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant.
NIV: May the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep.
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Old Covenant
Faulty - Hebrews 8:7
KJV: For if that first [covenant] had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second.
NIV: For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for another.
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New Covenant
Perfect - James 1:25
KJV: But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth [therein], he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.
NIV: But the man who looks intently into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues to do this, not forgetting what he has heard, but doing it -- he will be blessed in what he does.
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Old Covenant
Weak - Hebrews 7:18
KJV: For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.
NIV: The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.
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New Covenant
Strong - Hebrews 7:25
KJV: Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.
NIV: Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.
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Old Covenant
Unprofitable - Hebrews 7:18
KJV: For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.
NIV: The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless.
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New Covenant
Profitable - Hebrews 7:19, 25
KJV: For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God (7:19). Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. (7:25)
NIV: (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God (7:19). Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. (7:25)
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Old Covenant
Natural program - Hebrews 9:10-14
KJV: [Which stood] only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed [on them] until the time of reformation. Bur Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building; Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us]. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
NIV: They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings - external regulations applying until the time of the new order. When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man made, that is to say, not a part of this creation. He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God!
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New Covenant
Spiritual program - 2 Corinthians 3:6, 18
KJV: Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life (3:6) But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, [even] as by the Spirit of the Lord. (18)
NIV: He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant -- not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life (3:16). And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord's glory, are being transformed into his likeness with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit. (18)
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Old Covenant
Daily program - Hebrews 7:27
KJV: Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.
NIV: Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when he offered himself.
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New Covenant
Finished program - Hebrews 10:10-18
KJV: By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all]. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. [Whereof] the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said before, This [is] the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these [is, there is] no more offering for sin.
NIV: And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. Since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool, because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First he says: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds." Then he adds: "Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more." And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin.
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Old Covenant
Infirm high priests - Hebrews 5:2, 7:28
KJV: Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity (5:2). For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. (7:28)
NIV: He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and are going astray, since he himself is subject to weakness (5:2). For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever. (7:28)
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New Covenant
Perfect high priest - Hebrews 7:26
KJV: For such an high priest became us, [who is] holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens.
NIV: Such a high priest meets our need -- one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens.
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Old Covenant
Made priests by law - Hebrews 7:12, 28
KJV: For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law (12). For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. (28)
NIV: For when there is a change of the priesthood, there must also be a change of the law (12). For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever. (28)
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New Covenant
Made priest by an oath - Hebrews 7:21, 28
KJV: (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, the Lord sware and will not repent, Thou [art] a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:) (21) For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. (28)
NIV: but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him: "The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: 'You are a priest forever.'" (21) For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. (28)
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Old Covenant
No salvation - Hebrews 10:2-4
KJV: For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins. But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year. For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
NIV: If it could, would they not have stopped being offered? For the worshipers would have been cleansed once for all, and would no longer have felt guilty for their sins. But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins, because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.
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New Covenant
Eternal salvation - Hebrews 5:9, 10:14
KJV: And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him. (5:9) For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. (10:14)
NIV: and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him. (5:9) because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. (10:14)
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Old Covenant
Perfected nothing - Hebrews 7:19
KJV: For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God.
NIV: (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.
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New Covenant
Perfects believers - Hebrews 7:19, 10:14
KJV: For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God (7:19) For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified (10:14)
NIV: (for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God. (7:19) Because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. (10:14)
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Old Covenant
Earthly priests - Hebrews 5:1-4
KJV: For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things [pertaining] to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins: Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity. And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins. And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as [was] Aaron.
NIV: Every high priest is selected from among men and is appointed to represent them in matters related to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and are going astray, since he himself is subject to weakness. This is why he has to offer sacrifices for his own sins, as well as for the sins of the people. No one takes this honor upon himself, he must be called by God, just as Aaron was.
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New Covenant
Heavenly priest - Hebrews 9:24, 10:12
KJV: For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us (9:24): But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God. (10;12)
NIV: For Christ did not enter a manmade sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God's presence (9:24). But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. (10:12)
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Old Covenant
Repeated inability - Hebrews 10:11
KJV: And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins:
NIV: Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins.
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New Covenant
Glorious success - Hebrews 10:10-18
KJV: By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all]. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. [Whereof] the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said before, This [is] the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these [is, there is] no more offering for sin.
NIV: And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifice, which can never take away sins. But when the priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. Since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool, because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First he says: "This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds." Then he adds: "Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more." And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin.
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Old Covenant
Many offerings - Hebrews 9:7
KJV: But into the second [went] the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and [for] the errors of the people.
NIV: But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.
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New Covenant
One offering - Hebrews 10:10-14
KJV: By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all]. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
NIV: And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties, again and again he offers the same sacrifice, which can never take away sins. But when the priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God. Since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool, because by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy.
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Old Covenant
Good promises - Deuteronomy 28:1-14
KJV: And it shall come to pass, if thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe [and] to do all his commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the earth: And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God. Blessed [shalt] thou [be] in the city, and blessed [shalt] thou [be] in the field. Blessed [shall be] the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. Blessed [shall be] thy basket and thy store. Blessed [shalt] thou [be] when thou comest in, and blessed [shalt] thou [be] when thou goest out. The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven ways. he LORD shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and he shall bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. The LORD shall establish thee an holy people unto himself, as he hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, and walk in his ways. And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by the name of the LORD; and they shall be afraid of thee. And the LORD shall make thee plenteous in goods, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy ground, in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers to give thee.
NIV: If you fully obey the LORD your God and carefully follow all his commands I give you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations on earth. All these blessings will come upon you and accompany you if you obey the LORD your God. You will be blessed in the city and blessed in the country. The fruit of your womb will be blessed, and the crops of your land and the young of your livestock - the calves of your herds and the lambs of your flocks. Your basket and your kneading trough will be blessed. You will be blessed when you come in and blessed when you go out. The LORD will grant that the enemies who rise up against you will be defeated before you. They will come at you from one direction but flee from you in seven. The LORD will send a blessing on your barns and on everything you put your hand to. The LORD your God will bless you in the land he is giving you. The LORD will establish you as his holy people, as he promised you on oath, if you keep the commands of the LORD your God and walk in his ways. Then all the people on earth will see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they will fear you. The LORD will grant you abundant prosperity - in the fruit of your womb, the young of your livestock and the crops of your ground - in the land he swore to your forefathers to give you. The LORD will open the heavens, the storehouse of his bounty, to send rain on your land in season and to bless all the work of your hands. You will lend to many nations but will borrow from none. The LORD will make you the head, not the tail. If you pay attention to the commands of the LORD your God that I give you this day and carefully follow them, you will always be at the top, never at the bottom. Do not turn aside from any of the commands I give you today, to the right or to the left, following other gods an serving them.
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New Covenant
Better promises - Hebrews 8:6
KJV: But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.
NIV: But the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, and it is founded on better promises.
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Old Covenant
A good covenant - Romans 7:12
KJV: Wherefore the law [is] holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.
NIV: So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous and good.
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New Covenant
A better covenant - 7:22, 8:6
KJV: For I delight in the law of God after the inward man. (7:22) But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. (8:6)
NIV: Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant. (7:22) But the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, and it is founded on better promises. (8:6)
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Old Covenant
Many high priests - Hebrews 7:23
KJV: And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death.
NIV: Now there were many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office.

New Covenant

One high priest - Hebrews 7:24-28

KJV: But this [man], because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.  Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. For such an high priest became us, [who is] holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.  For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, [maketh] the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.

NIV: but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood. Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. Such a high priest meets our need -- one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens. Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when he offered himself. For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever.

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Old Covenant

Typical tabernacle - Hebrews 9

KJV: Then verily the first [covenant] had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary. For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein [was] the candlestick, and
the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary. And after the second veil, the tabernacle which is called the Holiest of all; Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein [was] the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant; And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercy seat; of which we cannot now speak particularly. Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service [of God]. But into the second [went] the high priest alone once every year, not without
blood, which he offered for himself, and [for] the errors of the people: The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing: Which [was] a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience; [Which stood] only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed [on them] until the time of reformation. But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building; Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption [for us].
For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions [that were] under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. For where a testament [is], there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. For a testament [is] of force after men are dead: otherwise it is of no strength at all while the testator liveth. Whereupon neither the first [testament] was dedicated without blood. For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people, Saying, This [is] the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. [It was] therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us: Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others; For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment: So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

NIV: Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary. A tabernacle was set up. In the firs room were the lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called the Holy Place . Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place , which had the golden altar of incense and the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron's rod that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. Above the ark were the cherubim of the Glory, over-shadowing the place of atonement. But we cannot discuss these things in detail now. When everything had been arranged like this, the priests entered regularly into the outer room to carry on their ministry. But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance. The Holy Spirit was showing by this that the way into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still standing. This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper. They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings - external regulations applying until the time of the new order. When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man-made, that is to say, not a part of this creation. He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves, but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance -- now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant. In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood. When Moses had proclaimed every commandment of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves, together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people. He said, "This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep." In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies. In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God's presence. Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not his own. Then Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself. Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him.

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New Covenant

True tabernacle - Hebrews 8:2, 9:11

KJV: A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man (8:2). But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building. (9:11)

NIV: and who serves in the sanctuary, the true tabernacle set up by the Lord, not by man (8:2) When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man-made, that is to say, not a part of this creation. (9:11)

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Old Covenant

No mercy - Hebrews 10:28

KJV:  He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses.

NIV: Anyone who rejected the law of Moses died without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

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New Covenant

Complete mercy - Hebrews 8:12

KJV: For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more.

NIV: For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more.

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Old Covenant

Handmade things - Hebrews 9:1-5, 24

KJV: Then verily the first [covenant] had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.  For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein [was] the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.  And after the second veil, the tabernacle which is called the Holiest of all; Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein [was] the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant; And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercy seat; of which we cannot now speak particularly. (9:1-5) For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us. (24)

NIV: Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary. A tabernacle was set up. IN its first room were the lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called the Holy Place . Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place , which had the golden altar of incense and the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron's rod that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. Above the ark were the cherubim of the Glory, over-shadowing the place of atonement. But we cannot discuss these things in detail now. (9:1-5) For Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself now to appear for us in God's presence. (24)

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New Covenant

Not handmade - Hebrews 9:23, 24

KJV: [It was] therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, [which are] the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us.

NIV: It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God's presence.

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Old Covenant

An old way -Hebrews 8:13

KJV: In that he saith, A new [covenant], he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old [is] ready to vanish away.

NIV: By calling this covenant "new", he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.

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New Covenant

New and living way - Hebrews 10: 19, 20

KJV:  Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus.

NIV: Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the Most Holy Place by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way opened for us through the curtain, that is, his body.

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Old Covenant

Unavailing ministers - Hebrews 7:18

KJV: For there is verily a disaunnulling of the commandment going before the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

NIV: The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless.

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New Covenant

Able ministers - 2 Corinthians 3:6

KJV: Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

NIV: He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant -- not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

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Old Covenant

Carnal ministry - Hebrews 9:9-10

KJV: Which [was] a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience; [Which stood] only in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed [on them] until the time of reformation.

NIV: This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper. They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings -- external regulations applying until the time of the new order.

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New Covenant

Spiritual ministry - 2 Corinthians 3:6

KJV: Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

NIV: He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant -- not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

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Old Covenant

Ministration of condemnation - 2 Corinthians 3:9

KJV: For if the ministration of condemnation [be] glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

NIV:  If the ministry that condemns men is glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness!

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New Covenant

Ministration of righteousness - 2 Corinthians 3:9

KJV: For if the ministration of condemnation [be] glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

NIV:  If the ministry that condemns men is glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness!

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Old Covenant

Glory covered - 2 Corinthians 3:13

KJV: And not as Moses, [which] put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished.

NIV: We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at it while the radiance was fading away.

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New Covenant

Glory uncovered - 2 Corinthians 3:18

KJV: But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, [even] as by the Spirit of the Lord.

NIV: And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord's glory, are being transformed into his likeness with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

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Old Covenant

Brings bondage - Galatians 4: 24-25

KJV:  Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar. For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.

NIV:  These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves. This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem , because she is in slavery with her children.

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New Covenant

Brings liberty - 2 Corinthians 3:17

KJV: Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord [is], there [is] liberty.

NIV: Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.

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Old Covenant

Cannot justify - Galatians 2:16

KJV: Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.

NIV: know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ.  So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified.

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New Covenant

Does justify - Acts 13:38, 39

KJV: Be it known unto you therefore, men [and] brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins:  And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.

NIV: "Therefore, my brothers, I want you to know that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. Through him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses.

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Old Covenant

Brings a curse - Galatians 3:10

KJV: For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed [is] every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

NIV: All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law".

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New Covenant

Redeems from the curse - Galatians 3:13

KJV: Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed [is] every one that hangeth on a tree.

NIV: Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree".

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Old Covenant

Live by works - Galatians 3:10

KJV: For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed [is] every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

NIV: All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law".

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New Covenant

Live by faith - Galatians 3:11

KJV: But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, [it is] evident: for, the just shall live by faith.

NIV: Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith".

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Old Covenant

Cannot give life - Galatians 3:21

KJV: [is] the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.

NIV: Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. But the Scripture declares that the whole world is a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.

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New Covenant

Does give life - John 6:63-68

KJV:  It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, [they] are spirit, and [they] are life. But there are some of you that believe not. For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray him. And he said, Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father. From that [time] many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him. Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away? Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life.

NIV: The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you are spirit and they are life. Yet there are some of you who do not believe. For Jesus had known from the beginning which of them did not believe and who would betray him. He went on to say, "This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless the Father has enabled him". From this time many of his disciples turned back and no longer followed him. "You do not want to leave too, do you?" Jesus asked the Twelve. Simon Peter answered him, "Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life.

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Old Covenant

Exposes sin - Galatians 3:19

KJV: Wherefore then [serveth] the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; [and it was] ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.

NIV: What, then, was the purpose of the law? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator.

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New Covenant

Covers sin - Romans 4:1-8

KJV:  What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath [whereof] to glory; but not before God. For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, [Saying], Blessed [are] they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

NIV: What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about -- but not before God. What does the Scripture say? Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." Now when a man works, his wages are not credited to him as a gift, but as an obligation. However, to the man who does not work but trusts God who justifies the wicked, his faith is credited as righteousness. David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works: "Blessed are they whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered. Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord will never count against him." Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised? We have been saying that Abraham's faith was credited to him as righteousness. Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. So then, he is the father of all who believe but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them.

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Old Covenant

Under law - Romans 6:14-15

KJV: For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law but under grace? God forbid.

NIV: For sin shall not be your master, because you are not under law, but under grace. What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law bur under grace? By no means!

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New Covenant

Under grace - Galatians 3: 22-25

KJV: But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster [to bring us] unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.

NIV: But the Scripture declares that the whole world is a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.  Before this faith came, we were held prisoners by the law, locked up until faith should be revealed. So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law.

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Old Covenant

Done away - 2 Corinthians 3: 7-14

KJV: But if the ministration of death, written [and] engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which [glory] was to be done away: How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious? For if the ministration of condemnation [be] glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory. For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.  For if that which is done away [was] glorious, much more that which remaineth [is] glorious.

NIV: Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, fading though it was, will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? If the ministry that condemns men is glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness! For what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory. And if what was fading away came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts! Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold. We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at it while the radiance was fading away. But their minds were made dull, for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read. It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away.

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New Covenant

Not done away - 2 Corinthians 3:11

KJV: For if that which is done away [was] glorious, much more that which remaineth [is] glorious.

NIV: And if what was fading away came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!

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Old Covenant

Abolished - 2 Corinthians 3:13

KJV: And not as Moses, [which] put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished.

NIV: We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at it while the radiance was fading away.

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New Covenant

Continues glorious - 2 Corinthians 3:11

KJV: For if that which is done away [was] glorious, much more that which remaineth [is] glorious.

NIV: And if what was fading away come with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!

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Old Covenant

Ministry of death - 2 Corinthians 3:7

KJV: But if the ministration of death, written [and] engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which [glory] was to be done away:

NIV:  Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, fading though it was.

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New Covenant

Reconciliation ministry - 2 Corinthians 5:18

KJV: And all things [are] of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation.

NIV: All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation.

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Old Covenant

For Israel only -  Deuteronomy 4:7-8, 5:3

KJV: For what nation [is there so] great, who [hath] God [so] nigh unto them, as the LORD our God [is] in all [things that] we call upon him [for]?  And what nation [is there so] great, that hath
statutes and judgments [so] righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day? (4:7-8) The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, [even] us, who [are] all of us
here alive this day. (5:3)

NIV: What other nation is so great as to have their gods near them the way the LORD our God is near us whenever we pray to him? And what other nation is so great as to have such righteous decrees and laws as this body of laws I am setting before you today? (4:7-8) It was not with our fathers that the LORD made this covenant, but with us, with all of us who are alive here today. (5:3)

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New Covenant

For all men - Luke 22:20, Mark 14:24

KJV: Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup [is] the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you (22:20).  And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. (14:24)

NIV: In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you (22:20). "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many," he said to them. (14:24)

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Old Covenant

Justifies none - Gal. 2:16, 3:10-11

KJV: Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified. (2:16) For as many as are of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. (3:10-11)

NIV: …know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, justified by faith in Christ Jesus and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified. (2:16) All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue ot do everything written in the Book of the Law.” Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because “The righteous will live by faith.” (3:10-11)

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New Covenant

Reconciles all – Rom. 5:18, 11:15; 2 Cor. 5:19

KJV: Therefore as by the offense of one [judgment came] upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one [the free gift came] upon all men unto justification of life. (5:18) For if the casting away of them [be] the reconciliation of the world, what [shall] the receiving [of them be], but life from the dead? (11:15) To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. (5:19)

NIV: Consequently, just as the result of one trespass was condemnation for all men, so also the result of one act of righteousness was justification that brings life for all men. (5:18) For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? (11:15) …that God was reconciling the world unto himself in Christ, no counting men's sins against them. And he has committed to us the message of reconciliation. (5:19)

In Summary:

KJV: Galatians 3:1-29 O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you? 2 This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? 3 Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the flesh? 4 Have ye suffered so many things in vain? if it be yet in vain. 5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? 6 Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness. 7 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham. 8 And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed. 9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham. 10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. 11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith. 12 And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doeth them shall live in them. 13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree: 14 That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. 15 Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though it be but a man's covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth thereto. 16 Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. 17 And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect. 18 For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but God gave it to Abraham by promise. 19 Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator. 20 Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one. 21 Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law. 22 But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. 23 But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. 24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. 25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster. 26 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

NIV: Galatians 3:1-29 You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified. 2 I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by observing the law, or by believing what you heard? 3 Are you so foolish? After beginning with the Spirit, are you now trying to attain your goal by human effort? 4 Have you suffered so much for nothing-- if it really was for nothing? 5 Does God give you his Spirit and work miracles among you because you observe the law, or because you believe what you heard? 6 Consider Abraham: "He believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." 7 Understand, then, that those who believe are children of Abraham. 8 The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: "All nations will be blessed through you." 9 So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith. 10 All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law." 11 Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." 12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, "The man who does these things will live by them." 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree." 14 He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit. 15 Brothers, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. 16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say "and to seeds," meaning many people, but "and to your seed," meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. 18 For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise. 19 What, then, was the purpose of the law? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator. 20 A mediator, however, does not represent just one party; but God is one. 21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But the Scripture declares that the whole world is a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe. 23 Before this faith came, we were held prisoners by the law, locked up until faith should be revealed. 24 So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law. 26 You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

A Few Brief Comments by Gary Amirault

Jesus fulfilled the requirements of the Mosaic Law in the flesh and then had them nailed to His body.

Ephesians 2:14-16, NIV 14 For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, 15 by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace, 16 and in this one body to reconcile both of them to God through the cross, by which he put to death their hostility.

2 Corinthians 5:16-21, KJV 16 Wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more. 17 Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new. 18 And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. 20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.

Jesus fulfilled the righteous requirements of the Mosaic Law in the flesh thus ending it and inaugurating a New Covenant after the Spirit and not after the flesh. To go under forms of the Mosaic Covenant is to come under a curse according to Paul, the apostle to the nations. (Gal. 3:1-10)

The Old Covenant had a priesthood (Levitical), a physical temple in Old Jerusalem, a Law (613 Mosaic Ordinances with the key ones being the Ten Commandments written in stone), the blood of animals, and a mediator (Moses). The New Covenant has the some components, but quite different from the old. The Old Covenant consisted of fleshly types and shadows which pointed the spiritual reality which was to come. So then, the New Covenant had a different priesthood, temple, law, blood and inaugurator. The priesthood of the New Covenant would follow the Melchizedek priesthood. The Temple would change from physical Jerusalem to a spiritual Jerusalem made up of those who have been “born from above.” The law would change from the Mosaic law to the “Law of the Spirit of the Life in Christ Jesus” which would be written upon the hearts of His believers, not tablets of stone. They would be living words, not dead letters. The blood of animals could not cleanse the conscience of sin. But the blood/life of Jesus Christ, the Son of God could. Everything was new. “Behold, I make all things new.” The “Law of the Spirit of the Life in Christ Jesus” is NOT the Mosaic Law written upon our hearts; it is as new and different as is New Jerusalem made up of living stones and stones of earth as was Old Jerusalem. In the New Covenant, the Living Word, the Living Commandments of God, Jesus Christ Himself would rule and judge from within His True Temple which we, as believers are.

The chart lists many dozens of Scriptures comparing the Old Covenant and the New so that the reader can plainly see they are NOT the same thing. Perhaps one of the greatest hindrances for a Christian to live a victorious life is that most denominations have mixed up the two covenants causing Christians to fall from grace without even knowing it. “The strength of sin IS THE MOSAIC LAW!!” Paul, in 2 Cor. 3:7-9 calls the Ten Commandments, the pinnacle of the Mosaic Law, the “ministry of condemnation,” the “ministry of DEATH!” James tells us that to come under the Mosaic Law and fail in ONE POINT is death! And we wonder why the church is so dead. We MUST rightly divide the Word. Carefully study these Scriptures and they will surely help set you free.

When Jesus walked this earth 2,000 years ago, He asked the question, “…when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?" (Luke 18:8) Faith does not come by the Old Covenant. Faith does not come by mixing the New Covenant with the Old Covenant. The Jews broke the Mosaic Covenant by mixing it with the traditions of the pagan countries around them. Christianity has not only mixed the New Covenant with the traditions of the pagan countries of the world, it has mixed the New Covenant with the Old Covenant. It has put itself under a double curse!

Israel was the only nation which had a covenant with the God of the Universe for over 1600 years. And after all that, they didn't recognize their Messiah even though the whole Old Covenant pointed to Him. Jesus marveled at their unbelief. The Scriptures tell us that their unbelief even hindered Him from doing some great miracles in certain cities. (Mat. 13:58; 17:20; Mark 6:6, 7) Jesus not only rebuked Israel for their unbelief, He also rebuked His own disciples. (Mat. 17:20; Mark 16:14) Corporate unbelief in the church is the greatest hindrance to the power of God from flowing through the body of Christ to a needy world.

Simply believing that Jesus is the Messiah, that He is the Son of God does not mean one has faith. Demons believe Jesus is the Son of God. Faith is more than a teaching or a concept one holds in their mind. Covenant is much more than memorizing a few Scriptures and faithfully attending the “church of your choice.”

Other Tentmaker Material Helpful on the subject of Law and Grace:

Audio tapes by Gary Amirault:

Two Gospels

Which Laws to Keep

Two Yokes

What Does Our Maker Require Of Us?

Books:

The Pillar Laws of the New Covenant by Gary Amirault

Free to Life by David Ebaugh